主语+动词过去式+其他
例句:She often came to help us in those days.
主语+didn't +谓语动词原型+其他
①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词
例句:I didn't know you like coffee.
①Did+主语+谓语动词原型+其他? ②Was/Were+主语+表语?
例句:Did I do homework?
一般过去时表示过去某一时候或某一段时间所发生了的事情或存在的状态。常与过去时间yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day, in the past 等连用。
一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常如often,always等表示频率的时间状语连用。
过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格
ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long ago, once upon a time, etc.
be动词;行为动词的过去式
:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词。
She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
一般过去时表示(1)过去某个特定时间发生,并且一下子就完成了的动作(即:非持续性动作),也可以表示(2)过去习惯性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去。
句式:主语+过去动词+其他
I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨,我跟朱丽亚说了几句话。(1)
He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up.他没有戒烟的那阵子,
抽烟抽得可凶了。(2)
一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用,如:yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when等等。
句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时,取决于动作是否对现在有影响。
Have you had your lunch?你吃过午饭了吗?(意思是说你现在不饿吗?)
Yes, I have.是的,我已经吃过了。(意思是说已经吃饱了,不想再吃了。)
When did you have it?你是什么时候吃的?(关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。)
I had it about ten minutes ago.我是大约十分钟以前吃的。
Used to do something表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动作。
I used to work fourteen hours a day.我过去常常一天干十四个小时。
I ate it at 6:45。我在六点四十五分吃了。
一般过去时的基本用法
1带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时
如:yesterday(昨天)、two days ago…(两天前…… )、last year…(去年…)、the other day(前几天)、once upon a time(过去曾经)、 just now(刚才)、in the old days(过去的日子里)、before liberation(解放前…)、 When I was 8 years old(当我八岁时…)、at+一个时间点
Did you have a party the other day?
前几天,你们开了晚会了吗?
Lei Feng was a good soldier.
雷锋是个好战士。
注意
在谈到已死去的人的情况时,多用过去时。
2表示过去连续发生的动作时,要用过去时
这种情况下,往往没有表示过去的时间状语,而通过上下文来表示。
The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looked at the captain,and then died.
那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿,看看船长,然后就去世了。
3表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作
常与always,never等连用。
Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.
彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。
(只是说明她过去的动作,不表明她现在是否常带着伞。)
比较
Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.
彼得太太老是带着伞。
(说明这是她的习惯,表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞)
I never drink wine.我以前从不喝酒。
(不涉及到现在,不说明现在是否喝酒)
4如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用used to do
He used to drink.
他过去喝酒。
(意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了)
I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。
(意味着现在不在早晨散步了)
比较:
I took a walk in the morning.
我曾经在早晨散过步。
(只是说明过去这一动作)
5有些句子,虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话,也要用过去时,这一点,我们中国学生往往出错,要特别注意!
I didn''t know you were in Paris.
我不知道你在巴黎。
(因为在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示。实际上,这句话暗指:But now I know you are here.)
I thought you were ill.
我以为你病了呢。
(这句话应是在说话之前,我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病)
辨别正误
Li Ming studied English this morning.
(把此句变为一般疑问句)
(×)1.Did Li Ming studied English this morning?
(动词应该用原形)
(×) 2. Does Li ming Study English this morning?
(时态应该用原句子的时态)
(×) 3.Was Li Ming studied English this morning?
(应该用一般动词,而不是be动词)
(О) 4.Did Li Ming study Enghish this morning?
一过:在过去发生的动作。
主动:
肯定① be 分为was,were ② v+ed
否定① was/were not ② didn’t+v
疑问① was/were+ 主 ② did+主+V
时状:
1.yesterday/morning/afternoon/evening
2.the day before yesterday
3.last night/week/Sunday/weekend/month/winter/
4.ago
5.in 1980(过去年份)
6.this morning/afternoon/evening
7.when引导的状语从句(过去)
8.in the past
9.just now
10.the other day -- a few days ago
11.at the age of 10 (过去年龄段)
12.in the old days
......(未完待续)
动词过去式规则变化
1 直接加ed
2 以不发音的e结尾的,+d
3 以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i加ed
4 以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后的辅音字母+ed
不规则变化
例如相等eg:cut cut
read read<注:read和read读音不同!>
sit sat
句型结构
1.一般句子
I watched TV last night.
2.一般疑问句
Did you watch TV last night?
3.there be 句型
There was an apple on the table last night.
Was there an apple on the table last night?
一般过去时口诀
一般过去时并不难,表示过去动作、状态记心间。
动词要用过去式,时间状语句末站。
否定句很简单,didn't站在动词原形前,其它部分不要变。
一般疑问句也好变,did放在句子前,主语、动词原形、其它部分依次站。
特殊疑问句也简单,疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。
最后一条请注意,动词过去式要牢记。
时间和条件状语从句中用错时态;没时间状语时习惯用一般现在时;虚拟语气中不懂用过去。
一般过去时
用法:通常表示动作发生在过去,或者过去经常发生的事情
结构:主语+动词的过去式
动词过去式的变化规则:
1.一般的在动词词尾直接加ed。
2.以不发音的e结尾的直接加d。
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的把y变成i,加ed。
4.以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写末尾的辅音字母加ed。
句型转换:
一般疑问句:Did + 主语+动词原形+。。。?
特殊疑问句:What did+ 主语+do?
时间状语:
last week/month/year/century
yesterday/the day before yesterday
three days ago/ just now/ a moment ago
in 1989
this morning
long long ago/ once upon a time/long ago/ at the age of
常用的不规则动词的过去式:
do-did
go-went
buy-bought
bring-brought
come-came
eat-ate
have-had
get-got
meet-met
put-put
read-read
write-wrote
win-won
be-was,were
make-made
drink-drank
throw-threw
一般过去时主要表示过去的动作或状态。在句子中由主语+动词的过去式来表达。
1.He walks to school. (一般现在时)
2.He walked to school. (一般过去时)
例如:
例1.中的动词walks时现在式,由于主语是第三人称单数he,因此原因的walk必须加上"s",表示目前习惯性、经常性动作。可译为"他现在经常步行上学"。
例2.中的动词walked是过去式,过去式是叙述过去事情的动词形式,所以这句话时表示的是过去的某时,例如昨天、上周或学生时代等过去的某一时间,这句可译为"他曾经步行上学"。
◆be动词的过去式
be动词的过去时的句型如下:
肯定句:主语 +be动词的过去式(was, were)~
否定句:主语 + be动词的过去式(was, were)+ not ~
疑问句:be动词的过去式(was, were)+ 主语 ~?
1.be动词过去时的肯定句
Mike was in the United States last year. 麦克去年在美国。
比较be动词的现在式和过去式:
There is (are )的句型用于一般过去时需把is ,are 变为它们的过去式:There was (were) …
2.be动词过去式的否定句
He was not in Canada last year. 他去年不在加拿大。
be动词过去时的否定句的结构和现在时一样,只要在be动词过去式(was, were)后面加上not就可以了。否定式的was not , were not 大多使用缩写形式wasn't 和 weren't .
○I wasn't busy the other day.前几天我不忙。
3.be动词的过去时的疑问句(一般疑问句/特殊疑问句)
Was it raining in Beijing yesterday? 昨天北京下雨了吗?
No, it wasn't . I t was cloudy. 不,没下雨。昨天北京阴天。
be 动词过去时一般疑问句的结构和一般现在时一样,只要把be 动词的过去式was, were 调到主语前面即可。 was (were ) + 主语 ~? 回答时,需要用Yes, … was (were).或No… wasn't (weren't)
一变:肯定句变为否定句
【技巧1】当句中含有情态动词或助动词could,would,should等时,可直接在其后面加not构成否定句。例如:
I could get you a concert ticket. → I could not / couldn't get you a concert ticket.
【技巧2】当句中含有系动词was,were 时,可直接在其后加not构成否定句。例如:
I was on the Internet when you called me. → I was not / wasn't on the Internet when you called me.
【技巧3】当句中谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was,were以外的动词时,在该动词之前加did not / didn't,动词还原,构成否定句。例如:
The famous singer sang some Chinese songs. → The famous singer did not / didn't sing any Chinese songs.
二变:陈述句变为一般疑问句
【技巧1】移动词语的位置。将was,were,could,would,should等移到句首。例如:
He could pack his things himself. → Could he pack his things himself?
【技巧2】添加助动词did。谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was,were以外的动词时,在主语之前加did,动词还原。例如:
Mr Li looked very old. → Did Mr Li look very old?
三变:陈述句变为特殊疑问句
【技巧1】确定疑问词:人who / whom,物what,地点where,时间when / what time,原因why,频率how often,长度how long,距离how far等等。例如:
They gave the concert last night. → When did they give the concert?
【技巧2】辨认结构形式:疑问词+情态动词/助动词/ was / were / did +主语+...? 例如:
The accident happened near the station. → Where did the accident happen
一些不规则变化:
do>did see>saw make>made take>took eat>ate
read>read put>put get>got hear>heard feel>felt
is/am---was are---were teach---taught catch---caught
buy---bought go---went come---came become---became等
1.注意主句与从句中时态的一致性
如果主句用了过去时,从句中一般也要用过去式,或者过去进行时、过去完成时等。例如:
He believed that he was right. 他相信自己是对的。
I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。
I thought they were with you. 我以为他们和你在一起。
2.在口语中, 一般过去时并不一定指真正的过去,而只是表示一种礼貌性语气。例如:
I wondered (wonder) if you could do me a favor. 不知你可否帮我一个忙。
I wanted (want) to ask if I could borrow your car. 我想问问可否借用你的车。
I hoped (hope) you could (can) give me some advice. 我希望你能帮我出点主意。
Did (Do) you want to see me? 你想见我吗?
3.used to
used to 是一个词组,表示“过去曾经是……而现在已经停止了”的动作。例如:
I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。(而现在不这样了)
I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。(而现在不在早晨散步了)
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