Spread

Spread是一个英语单词，译为“蔓延”。过去式和过去分词不变，注意读音上没有变化，固定搭配有 spread disease（传播疾病）。

单词发音

英[spred]美[spred]

基本要点

1.spread的基本意思是“伸开”,指把卷或叠着的东西展开或向四面八方扩大范围，强调有目的地均匀撒开。所涉及的空间范围可大可小; 既可能可以计算，也可能无法计算。也可指在某物表面上敷上薄薄一层东西，引申可指某物“变得更流行”。

2.spread既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时，其宾语既可以是具体名词，也可以是抽象名词。有时也可接以形容词、过去分词、动词不定式充当补足语的复合宾语。

3.spread可接双宾语，其间接宾语可以转化为介词for的宾语。

4.spread的宾语后接介词on引起的短语，表示“把…铺在或涂在…上”; 接介词with引起的短语，表示“用…铺满或涂满”。

用作动词

双解释义

vt. & vi. 伸开，展开，摊开 become wider

vt. & vi. 传播，散布 (cause to) become widely known

固定搭配

spread+名词

传播疾病 spread disease

撒上石灰 spread lime

播放新闻 spread the news

散布谣言 spread the rumours

铺上桌布 spread the table cloth

展开翅膀 spread the wings

扬言 spread the word

～+副词

spread breathlessly 匆忙伸开

spread cautiously 小心翼翼地伸开

spread conscientiously 诚心诚意地传播

spread daringly 大胆地传播

spread dramatically 出人意料地传播

spread emphatically 重点传播

spread energetically 充满活力地伸开

spread eventually 最终展开

spread extemporaneously 临时地传播

spread falteringly 犹豫地散布

spread fully 全面蔓延

spread gracefully 优雅地伸开

spread hesitatingly 犹豫不决地伸开

spread hurriedly 匆匆地传播

spread ignobly 不光彩地传播

spread immediately 立即伸开

spread inadvertently 非故意地展开

spread ingeniously 巧妙地伸开

spread insidiously 不知不觉地蔓延

spread instinctively 本能地传播

spread moderately 适度传播

spread mysteriously 秘密地伸开

spread officially 正式传播

spread partially 部分展开

spread peacefully 平静地伸开

spread philosophically 冷静地伸开

spread politely 彬彬有礼地伸开

spread regionally 区域性传播

spread regularly 定期地传播

spread religiously 传播宗教

spread reluctantly 不情愿地传播

spread ruthlessly 无情地蔓延

spread satisfactorily 满意地伸开

spread scathingly 不留情地蔓延

spread scrupulously 谨慎地伸开

spread selectively 有选择地传播

spread spaciously 宽敞地展开

spread strenuously 艰难地传播

spread temporarily 暂时伸开

spread thoughtlessly 轻率地传播

spread unceremoniously 无礼地伸开

spread unconsciously 下意识地传播

spread unhesitatingly 毫不犹豫地展开

spread usefully 有效地传播

spread viciously 恶意地传播

spread voluntarily 自动传播

spread about 传播，传开去，散放着

spread about on the desk (文件)散放在写字台上

spread the news about 把此消息传出去

spread around that story 散布传说

spread out 伸张，铺开，扩展，展开，摊开

spread out arms 伸开双臂

spread out fingers 把五指伸开

～+介词

spread beyond the walls of the college 传到大学外边

spread for hundreds of miles 绵延数百英里

spread from...to 从…传到…

spread from mouth to mouth 众口流传

spread on 在…上涂

spread butter on bread 在面包上涂黄油

spread over 传遍，遍布，延续，覆盖

spread over the city (消息)传遍全城

spread through the village 传遍全村

spread to 蔓延到

spread to the houses nearby 蔓延至附近的居民

spread to the other buildings (大火) 蔓延到别的建筑

spread with 用…涂…

spread with butter 在…上涂黄油

spread with jam 用果酱涂…

spread with wild flowers 野花烂漫

spread like wildfire v. 象野火般迅速传播

辨析

spread, circulate, diffuse, disseminate, expand, extend, propagate, radiate

这组词都有“延伸”“延长”“伸展”“展开”的意思。其区别是：

1.spread指向四面八方扩大范围。

2.circulate指无拘无束地或不间断地传播、散布到各处。例如:

She opened a window to allow the air to circulate.她打开窗户使空气流通。

3.disseminate指到处传播思想、理论等。例如:

They use the press to disseminate right wing views.他们利用报刊来传播右翼观点。

4.diffuse指光线、声音、气味等在空中传送或散布。例如:

Light diffused from the window.光从窗户射进来。

5.extend指延展物体的长度、宽度，延伸或扩大某一事物，以及延长时间、期限等，也指伸开四肢或躯体。例如:

They extended the road for three more miles.他们把那条路又延长了三英里多。

The headmaster extended our holidays by a week.校长把我们的假期延长了一个星期。

6.expand指扩大面积或体积，也指把合拢的东西放开(即三维)。例如:

This county has expanded its area under cultivation by more than 50,000 mu.该县扩大了50,000亩耕地。

Heat expands metals.热使金属膨胀。

He does exercises to expand his chest.他做体操扩胸。

7.propagate通常指宣传某种信念、看法或传播某种言论，以使更多的人相信或参与。例如:

We should not only learn knowledge, but also propagate it.我们不仅应学习知识，而且应传播它。

The Greek civilization was propagated all over Europe.希腊文明传播至整个欧洲。

8.radiate指从中心向四面八方散发，是技术用语，特指光或热的辐射。例如:

The sun radiates light and heat.太阳放射光和热。

The electric heater radiated warmth.电暖器散发出热量。

spread, scatter

这两个词都有“散布”“撒开”的意思。其区别是：

1.spread强调有目的地均匀涂抹、撒开。其宾语可以是具体名词，也可以是抽象名词。

2.scatter强调随意性和无规律性，其宾语则只能是具体名词。例如:

The police scattered the disorderly crowd.警察驱散了骚乱的人群。

The thundershower had temporarily scattered the swimmers.雷阵雨暂时驱散了游泳的人。

?下列各组中的句意相同：

We spread the butter on the bread at dinner.

We spread the butter over the bread at dinner.

We spread the bread with butter at dinner.

吃饭时我们把黄油涂在面包上。

Spread some newspapers on the floor to

catch the dust.

Spread some newspapers over the floor

to catch the dust.

Spread the floor with some newspapers

to catch the dust.

在地板上铺些报纸来挡尘土。

用作名词

双解释义

S传播，蔓延 the act or action of spreading

C幅度，范围 a range or area over which sth spreads

U涂抹食品的酱 a soft food for spreading on bread, etc.

C整版的文章，整版的广告 a newspaper or magazine article or advertisement usually covering one or more pages and with pictures

基本要点

1.spread用作名词时基本意思是“传播，蔓延”,引申可指“酒席”“(一片)广阔的土地或水域”“涂抹食品的酱”等，通常用单数形式。

2.spread作“(延伸的)长度，大小，范围”“整版的文章，整版的广告”解释，是可数名词。

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